An Effective Approach to Enhance Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction by Ni Doping to MoO₃

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The development of bifunctional catalysts that facilitate both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkaline environment is crucial for realizing unitized regenerative anion-exchange membrane fuel cells. In this study, a novel strategy to modulate the electron density of MoO3 through Ni doping (sample named Nix Mo1-x O3 ) is reported. Ni is incorporated to replace Mo atoms in MoO3 . Specifically, Nix Mo1-x O3 is combined with optimal adsorption energy, along with MoO2 /Mo2 N hybrid with high conductivity. The resulting Nix Mo1-x O3 supported on MoO2 /Mo2 N hybrid (sample named as Nix Mo1-x O3 -H) exhibits excellent alkaline HER activity, with an overpotential of only 16 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a Tafel slope of 54 mV dec-1 . In addition, the Nix Mo1-x O3 -H demonstrates an ultrahigh HOR performance with a high exchange current density (3.852 mA cm-2 ). The catalyst's breakdown potential of 0.23 V indicates its ability to withstand higher voltages without breaking down. As evidenced by the results, this characteristic leads to improved stability. These results are higher than those of the other catalysts reported, which indicates that the electron density of MoO3 can be effectively modulated through Ni doping, leading to excellent HER and HOR performance.

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